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Circuit design theory will only apply to 12V rated batteries. These batteries are primarily used in a variety of land, air and water vehicles, such as personal water vehicles such as boats, yachts, jet skis and marine applications. other. They are also widely used in automobiles and motorcycles such as four-wheelers, mobile homes, snowmobiles, scooters, utility vehicles and lawn mowers. It can also benefit people with disabilities by providing wheelchair and mobility scooter assistance.
Conventional car battery chargers have a simple design, producing a few amps during operation while charging the battery continuously. In the event that the charger is not turned off, overcharging will occur due to evaporation, loss of electrolyte and possible damage to charger components. Thanks to this circuit design, this type of problem can be avoided by monitoring the battery's charging status through the feedback control circuit. This is done by charging a high current until charging is complete.
The LD2 LED will indicate the load is full, which will eventually turn off the load circuit. When creating this design, the wires connecting the transformer to the circuit should have enough cross-sectional area to avoid voltage drop when heat is generated during current flow. Circuit tuning occurs after design, with TR1 set to 0. The LEDs are tested without the initial battery connection and allowing them to light up.
By connecting the battery, current from 2A to 4A can flow while ensuring LD2 is off. TR1 is carefully tuned to a few hundred milliamps until LD2 turns on. This is done using the hydrometer technique. The correct setting allows the LD2 to start flashing while the battery is charging. Q1 is connected to the battery, since it acts as a rectifier and charges the battery, this battery can be powered every half cycle using R3-4 and LD2. In case an uncharged battery is connected, an extremely low terminal voltage will be obtained.
When the battery voltage exceeds a predetermined value, Q2 is activated by the combination of C1, TR1, R2 and D2. Q1 is turned off when the current supply is removed as the battery terminal voltage rises, driving the Q2 shift of the gate Q1 after TR1 sets the battery terminal voltage to rise above level. A heat sink must be fitted to the bridge rectifiers GR1 and Q1 to prevent overheating. A DC M1 5A ammeter, in parallel, is used to measure the load current.
BTY79 – a 10A Silicon controlled rectifier with an operational temperature range from 0ºC to 125ºCC106D – a 4A sensitive gate Silicon controlled rectifier that functions as reverse blocking thyristors designed for high volume consumer applications such as light, speed control, temperature, process and remote control, and warning systems where reliability of operation is important
R1= 1Kohms
R2= 1.2Kohms
R3= 470 ohms
R4= 470 ohms
R5= 10Kohms
C1= 10uF 25V
D1= 1N4001
D2= 6.8V 0.5W zener
TR1= 4.7Kohms trimmer
Q1= BTY79 or similar 6A SCR
Q2= C106D SCR
GR1= 50V 6A Bridge Rectifier
T1= 220V/17V 4A Transformer
LD1= Green LED
LD2= Red LED
M1= 0-5A DC Ampere meter
S1= 10A D/P On Off Switch
F= 5A Fuse.